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cnr1

Gene
Cnr1
Protein
Cannabinoid receptor 1
Organism
Rattus norvegicus
Length
473 amino acids
Function
G-protein coupled receptor for cannabinoids, including endocannabinoids (eCBs), such as N-arachidonoylethanolamide (also called anandamide or AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) (PubMed:2165569). Mediates many cannabinoid-induced effects, acting, among others, on food intake, memory loss, gastrointestinal motility, catalepsy, ambulatory activity, anxiety, chronic pain. Signaling typically involves reduction in cyclic AMP. In the hypothalamus, may have a dual effect on mitochondrial respiration depending upon the agonist dose and possibly upon the cell type. Increases respiration at low doses, while decreases respiration at high doses. At high doses, CNR1 signal transduction involves G-protein alpha-i protein activation and subsequent inhibition of mitochondrial soluble adenylate cyclase, decrease in cyclic AMP concentration, inhibition of protein kinase A (PKA)-dependent phosphorylation of specific subunits of the mitochondrial electron transport system, including NDUFS2. In the hypothalamus, inhibits leptin-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and mediates cannabinoid-induced increase in SREBF1 and FASN gene expression. In response to cannabinoids, drives the release of orexigenic beta-endorphin, but not that of melanocyte-stimulating hormone alpha/alpha-MSH, from hypothalamic POMC neurons, hence promoting food intake. In the hippocampus, regulates cellular respiration and energy production in response to cannabinoids. Involved in cannabinoid-dependent depolarization-induced suppression of inhibition (DSI), a process in which depolarization of CA1 postsynaptic pyramidal neurons mobilizes eCBs, which retrogradely activate presynaptic CB1 receptors, transiently decreasing GABAergic inhibitory neurotransmission. Also reduces excitatory synaptic transmission (By similarity). In superior cervical ganglions and cerebral vascular smooth muscle cells, inhibits voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels in a constitutive, as well as agonist-dependent manner (By similarity). Induces leptin production in adipocytes and reduces LRP2-mediated leptin clearance in the kidney, hence participating in hyperleptinemia. In adipose tissue, CNR1 signaling leads to increased expression of SREBF1, ACACA and FASN genes. In the liver, activation by endocannabinoids leads to increased de novo lipogenesis and reduced fatty acid catabolism, associated with increased expression of SREBF1/SREBP-1, GCK, ACACA, ACACB and FASN genes. May also affect de novo cholesterol synthesis and HDL-cholesteryl ether uptake (By similarity). Peripherally modulates energy metabolism. In high carbohydrate diet-induced obesity, may decrease the expression of mitochondrial dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase/DLD in striated muscles, as well as that of selected glucose/ pyruvate metabolic enzymes, hence affecting energy expenditure through mitochondrial metabolism (PubMed:26671069). In response to cannabinoid anandamide, elicits a proinflammatory response in macrophages, which involves NLRP3 inflammasome activation and IL1B and IL18 secretion. In macrophages infiltrating pancreatic islets, this process may participate in the progression of type-2 diabetes and associated loss of pancreatic beta-cells (PubMed:23955712).
Similarity
Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family.
Mass
52.845 kDa
Sequence
MKSILDGLADTTFRTITTDLLYVGSNDIQYEDIKGDMASKLGYFPQKFPLTSFRGSPFQEKMTAGDNSPLVPAGDTTNITEFYNKSLSSFKENEENIQCGENFMDMECFMILNPSQQLAIAVLSLTLGTFTVLENLLVLCVILHSRSLRCRPSYHFIGSLAVADLLGSVIFVYSFVDFHVFHRKDSPNVFLFKLGGVTASFTASVGSLFLTAIDRYISIHRPLAYKRIVTRPKAVVAFCLMWTIAIVIAVLPLLGWNCKKLQSVCSDIFPLIDETYLMFWIGVTSVLLLFIVYAYMYILWKAHSHAVRMIQRGTQKSIIIHTSEDGKVQVTRPDQARMDIRLAKTLVLILVVLIICWGPLLAIMVYDVFGKMNKLIKTVFAFCSMLCLLNSTVNPIIYALRSKDLRHAFRSMFPSCEGTAQPLDNSMGDSDCLHKHANNTASMHRAAESCIKSTVKIAKVTMSVSTDTSAEAL

Gene
CNR1
Protein
Cannabinoid receptor 1
Organism
Taeniopygia guttata
Length
473 amino acids
Function
G-protein coupled receptor for cannabinoids, including endocannabinoids (eCBs), such as N-arachidonoylethanolamide (also called anandamide or AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG). Mediates many cannabinoid-induced effects, acting, among others, on food intake, memory loss, gastrointestinal motility, catalepsy, ambulatory activity, anxiety, chronic pain. Signaling typically involves reduction in cyclic AMP (By similarity). In the hypothalamus, may have a dual effect on mitochondrial respiration depending upon the agonist dose and possibly upon the cell type. Increases respiration at low doses, while decreases respiration at high doses. At high doses, CNR1 signal transduction involves G-protein alpha-i protein activation and subsequent inhibition of mitochondrial soluble adenylate cyclase, decrease in cyclic AMP concentration, inhibition of protein kinase A (PKA)-dependent phosphorylation of specific subunits of the mitochondrial electron transport system, including NDUFS2. In the hypothalamus, inhibits leptin-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and mediates cannabinoid-induced increase in SREBF1 and FASN gene expression. In response to cannabinoids, drives the release of orexigenic beta-endorphin, but not that of melanocyte-stimulating hormone alpha/alpha-MSH, from hypothalamic POMC neurons, hence promoting food intake. In the hippocampus, regulates cellular respiration and energy production in response to cannabinoids. Involved in cannabinoid-dependent depolarization-induced suppression of inhibition (DSI), a process in which depolarization of CA1 postsynaptic pyramidal neurons mobilizes eCBs, which retrogradely activate presynaptic CB1 receptors, transiently decreasing GABAergic inhibitory neurotransmission. Also reduces excitatory synaptic transmission (By similarity). In superior cervical ganglions and cerebral vascular smooth muscle cells, inhibits voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels in a constitutive, as well as agonist-dependent manner (By similarity). Induces leptin production in adipocytes and reduces LRP2-mediated leptin clearance in the kidney, hence participating in hyperleptinemia. In adipose tissue, CNR1 signaling leads to increased expression of SREBF1, ACACA and FASN genes. In the liver, activation by cannabinoids leads to increased de novo lipogenesis and reduced fatty acid catabolism, associated with increased expression of SREBF1/SREBP-1, GCK, ACACA, ACACB and FASN genes. May also affect de novo cholesterol synthesis and HDL-cholesteryl ether uptake. Peripherally modulates energy metabolism. In high carbohydrate diet-induced obesity, may decrease the expression of mitochondrial dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase/DLD in striated muscles, as well as that of selected glucose/ pyruvate metabolic enzymes, hence affecting energy expenditure through mitochondrial metabolism. In response to cannabinoid anandamide, elicits a proinflammatory response in macrophages, which involves NLRP3 inflammasome activation and IL1B and IL18 secretion (By similarity).
Similarity
Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family.
Mass
53.094 kDa
Sequence
MKSILDGLADTTFRTITTDLLYVGSNDIQYEDMKGDMASKLGYYPQKFPLSSFRGDPFQEKMTGGDDSLLSIIPSEQVNITEFYNKSLSTFKDNEENIQCGENFMDMECFMILNPSQQLAIAVLSLTLGTFTVLENLLVLCVILHSRSLRCRPSYHFIGSLAVADLLGSVIFVYSFVDFHVFHRKDSPNVFLFKLGGVTASFTASVGSLFLTAIDRYISIHRPLAYKRIVTRPKAVVAFCVMWTIAIVIAVLPLLGWNCKKLNSVCSDIFPLIDETYLMFWIGVTSILLLFIVYAYMYILWKAHSHAVRMLQRGTQKSIIIQSTEDGKVQITRPDQTRMDIRLAKTLVLILVVLIICWGPLLAIMVYDVFGKMNKLIKTIFAFCSMLCLLNSTVNPIIYALRSKDLRHAFRSMFPTCEGTAQPLDNSMESDCQHKHANNAGNVHRAAESCIKSTVKIAKVTMSVSTDTTAEAL

Gene
CNR1
Protein
Cannabinoid receptor 1
Organism
Taricha granulosa
Length
473 amino acids
Function
G-protein coupled receptor for cannabinoids, including endocannabinoids (eCBs), such as N-arachidonoylethanolamide (also called anandamide or AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG). Mediates many cannabinoid-induced effects, acting, among others, on food intake, memory loss, gastrointestinal motility, catalepsy, ambulatory activity, anxiety, chronic pain. Signaling typically involves reduction in cyclic AMP (By similarity). In the hypothalamus, may have a dual effect on mitochondrial respiration depending upon the agonist dose and possibly upon the cell type. Increases respiration at low doses, while decreases respiration at high doses. At high doses, CNR1 signal transduction involves G-protein alpha-i protein activation and subsequent inhibition of mitochondrial soluble adenylate cyclase, decrease in cyclic AMP concentration, inhibition of protein kinase A (PKA)-dependent phosphorylation of specific subunits of the mitochondrial electron transport system, including NDUFS2. In the hypothalamus, inhibits leptin-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and mediates cannabinoid-induced increase in SREBF1 and FASN gene expression. In response to cannabinoids, drives the release of orexigenic beta-endorphin, but not that of melanocyte-stimulating hormone alpha/alpha-MSH, from hypothalamic POMC neurons, hence promoting food intake. In the hippocampus, regulates cellular respiration and energy production in response to cannabinoids. Involved in cannabinoid-dependent depolarization-induced suppression of inhibition (DSI), a process in which depolarization of CA1 postsynaptic pyramidal neurons mobilizes eCBs, which retrogradely activate presynaptic CB1 receptors, transiently decreasing GABAergic inhibitory neurotransmission. Also reduces excitatory synaptic transmission (By similarity). In superior cervical ganglions and cerebral vascular smooth muscle cells, inhibits voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels in a constitutive, as well as agonist-dependent manner (By similarity). Induces leptin production in adipocytes and reduces LRP2-mediated leptin clearance in the kidney, hence participating in hyperleptinemia. In adipose tissue, CNR1 signaling leads to increased expression of SREBF1, ACACA and FASN genes. In the liver, activation by cannabinoids leads to increased de novo lipogenesis and reduced fatty acid catabolism, associated with increased expression of SREBF1/SREBP-1, GCK, ACACA, ACACB and FASN genes. May also affect de novo cholesterol synthesis and HDL-cholesteryl ether uptake. Peripherally modulates energy metabolism. In high carbohydrate diet-induced obesity, may decrease the expression of mitochondrial dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase/DLD in striated muscles, as well as that of selected glucose/ pyruvate metabolic enzymes, hence affecting energy expenditure through mitochondrial metabolism. In response to cannabinoid anandamide, elicits a proinflammatory response in macrophages, which involves NLRP3 inflammasome activation and IL1B and IL18 secretion (By similarity).
Similarity
Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family.
Mass
53.325 kDa
Sequence
MKSILDGLADTTFRTITTDLLYMGSNDVQYEDTKGEMASKLGYFPQKLPLSSFRRDHSPDKMTIGDDNLLSFYPLDQFNVTEFFNRSVSTFKENDDNLKCGENFMDMECFMILTASQQLIIAVLSLTLGTFTVLENFLVLCVILQSRTLRCRPSYHFIGSLAVADLLGSVIFVYSFLDFHVFHRKDSSNVFLFKLGGVTASFTASVGSLFLTAIDRYISIHRPLAYKRIVTRTKAVIAFCVMWTIAIIIAVLPLLGWNCKKLKSVCSDIFPLIDENYLMFWIGVTSILLLFIVYAYVYILWKAHSHAVRMLQRGTQKSIIIHTSEDGKVQITRPEQTRMDIRLAKTLVLILVVLIICWGPLLAIMVYDVFGKMNNPIKTVFAFCSMLCLMDSTVNPIIYALRSQDLRHAFLEQCPPCEGTSQPLDNSMESDCQHRHGNNAGNVHRAAENCIKSTVKIAKVTMSVSTETSGEAV

Gene
Cnr1
Protein
Cannabinoid receptor 1
Organism
Mus musculus
Length
473 amino acids
Function
G-protein coupled receptor for cannabinoids, including endocannabinoids (eCBs), such as N-arachidonoylethanolamide (also called anandamide or AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) (PubMed:9888857, PubMed:22388959). Mediates many cannabinoid-induced effects, acting, among others, on food intake, memory loss, gastrointestinal motility, catalepsy, ambulatory activity, anxiety, chronic pain (PubMed:9888857, PubMed:27828947). Signaling typically involves reduction in cyclic AMP (PubMed:8832654, PubMed:27828947). Signaling typically involves reduction in cyclic AMP (By similarity). In the hypothalamus, may have a dual effect on mitochondrial respiration depending upon the agonist dose and possibly upon the cell type. Increases respiration at low doses, while decreases respiration at high doses (PubMed:25707796, PubMed:27828947). At high doses, CNR1 signal transduction involves G-protein alpha-i protein activation and subsequent inhibition of mitochondrial soluble adenylate cyclase, decrease in cyclic AMP concentration, inhibition of protein kinase A (PKA)-dependent phosphorylation of specific subunits of the mitochondrial electron transport system, including NDUFS2 (PubMed:27828947). In the hypothalamus, inhibits leptin-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and mediates cannabinoid-induced increase in SREBF1 and FASN gene expression (PubMed:25869131). In response to cannabinoids, drives the release of orexigenic beta-endorphin, but not that of melanocyte-stimulating hormone alpha/alpha-MSH, from hypothalamic POMC neurons, hence promoting food intake (PubMed:25707796). In the hippocampus, regulates cellular respiration and energy production in response to cannabinoids. Involved in cannabinoid-dependent depolarization-induced suppression of inhibition (DSI), a process in which depolarization of CA1 postsynaptic pyramidal neurons mobilizes eCBs, which retrogradely activate presynaptic CB1 receptors, transiently decreasing GABAergic inhibitory neurotransmission (PubMed:22388959). Also reduces excitatory synaptic transmission (PubMed:27828947). In superior cervical ganglions and cerebral vascular smooth muscle cells, inhibits voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels in a constitutive, as well as agonist-dependent manner (By similarity). In cerebral vascular smooth muscle cells, cannabinoid-induced inhibition of voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels leads to vasodilation and decreased vascular tone (By similarity). Induces leptin production in adipocytes and reduces LRP2-mediated leptin clearance in the kidney, hence participating in hyperleptinemia (PubMed:22841573). In adipose tissue, CNR1 signaling leads to increased expression of SREBF1, ACACA and FASN genes (PubMed:15864349). In the liver, activation by endocannabinoids leads to increased de novo lipogenesis and reduced fatty acid catabolism, associated with increased expression of SREBF1/SREBP-1, GCK, ACACA, ACACB and FASN genes (PubMed:15864349, PubMed:21987372). May also affect de novo cholesterol synthesis and HDL-cholesteryl ether uptake (PubMed:21987372). Peripherally modulates energy metabolism. In high carbohydrate diet-induced obesity, may decrease the expression of mitochondrial dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase/DLD in striated muscles, as well as that of selected glucose/ pyruvate metabolic enzymes, hence affecting energy expenditure through mitochondrial metabolism (PubMed:26671069). In response to cannabinoid anandamide, elicits a proinflammatory response in macrophages, which involves NLRP3 inflammasome activation and IL1B and IL18 secretion. In macrophages infiltrating pancreatic islets, this process may participate in the progression of type-2 diabetes and associated loss of pancreatic beta-cells (PubMed:23955712).
Similarity
Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family.
Mass
52.831 kDa
Sequence
MKSILDGLADTTFRTITTDLLYVGSNDIQYEDIKGDMASKLGYFPQKFPLTSFRGSPFQEKMTAGDNSPLVPAGDTTNITEFYNKSLSSFKENEDNIQCGENFMDMECFMILNPSQQLAIAVLSLTLGTFTVLENLLVLCVILHSRSLRCRPSYHFIGSLAVADLLGSVIFVYSFVDFHVFHRKDSPNVFLFKLGGVTASFTASVGSLFLTAIDRYISIHRPLAYKRIVTRPKAVVAFCLMWTIAIVIAVLPLLGWNCKKLQSVCSDIFPLIDETYLMFWIGVTSVLLLFIVYAYMYILWKAHSHAVRMIQRGTQKSIIIHTSEDGKVQVTRPDQARMDIRLAKTLVLILVVLIICWGPLLAIMVYDVFGKMNKLIKTVFAFCSMLCLLNSTVNPIIYALRSKDLRHAFRSMFPSCEGTAQPLDNSMGDSDCLHKHANNTASMHRAAESCIKSTVKIAKVTMSVSTDTSAEAL

Gene
CNR1
Protein
Cannabinoid receptor 1
Organism
Felis catus
Length
472 amino acids
Function
G-protein coupled receptor for endogenous cannabinoids (eCBs), including N-arachidonoylethanolamide (also called anandamide or AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), as well as phytocannabinoids, such as delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Mediates many cannabinoid-induced effects, acting, among others, on food intake, memory loss, gastrointestinal motility, catalepsy, ambulatory activity, anxiety, chronic pain. Signaling typically involves reduction in cyclic AMP (By similarity). In the hypothalamus, may have a dual effect on mitochondrial respiration depending upon the agonist dose and possibly upon the cell type. Increases respiration at low doses, while decreases respiration at high doses. At high doses, CNR1 signal transduction involves G-protein alpha-i protein activation and subsequent inhibition of mitochondrial soluble adenylate cyclase, decrease in cyclic AMP concentration, inhibition of protein kinase A (PKA)-dependent phosphorylation of specific subunits of the mitochondrial electron transport system, including NDUFS2. In the hypothalamus, inhibits leptin-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and mediates cannabinoid-induced increase in SREBF1 and FASN gene expression. In response to cannabinoids, drives the release of orexigenic beta-endorphin, not that of melanocyte-stimulating hormone alpha/alpha-MSH, from hypothalamic POMC neurons, hence promoting food intake. In the hippocampus, regulates cellular respiration and energy production in response to cannabinoids. Involved in cannabinoid-dependent depolarization-induced suppression of inhibition (DSI), a process in which depolarization of CA1 postsynaptic pyramidal neurons mobilizes eCBs, which retrogradely activate presynaptic CB1 receptors, transiently decreasing GABAergic inhibitory neurotransmission. Also reduces excitatory synaptic transmission (By similarity). In superior cervical ganglions and cerebral vascular smooth muscle cells, inhibits voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels in a constitutive, as well as agonist-dependent manner (PubMed:10362691). In cerebral vascular smooth muscle cells, inhibition of voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels leads to vasodilation and decrease in vascular tone (PubMed:10362691). Induces leptin production in adipocytes and reduces LRP2-mediated leptin clearance in the kidney, hence participating in hyperleptinemia. In adipose tissue, CNR1 signaling leads to increased expression of SREBF1, ACACA and FASN genes. In the liver, activation by endocannabinoids leads to increased de novo lipogenesis and reduced fatty acid catabolism, associated with increased expression of SREBF1/SREBP-1, GCK, ACACA, ACACB and FASN genes. May also affect de novo cholesterol synthesis and HDL-cholesteryl ether uptake. Peripherally modulates energy metabolism. In high carbohydrate diet-induced obesity, may decrease the expression of mitochondrial dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase/DLD in striated muscles, as well as that of selected glucose/ pyruvate metabolic enzymes, hence affecting energy expenditure through mitochondrial metabolism. In response to cannabinoid anandamide, elicits a proinflammatory response in macrophages, which involves NLRP3 inflammasome activation and IL1B and IL18 secretion (By similarity). In macrophages infiltrating pancreatic islets, this process may participate in the progression of type-2 diabetes and associated loss of pancreatic beta-cells (By similarity).
Similarity
Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family.
Mass
52.887 kDa
Sequence
MKSILDGLADTTFRTITTDLLYVGSNDIQYEDIKGDMASKLGYFPQKFPLTSFRGSPFQEKMTAGDNSQLVPADQVNITEFYNKSLSSYKENEENIQCGENFMDMECFMILNPSQQLAIAVLSLTLGTFTVLENLLVLCVILHSRSLRCRPSYHFIGSLAVADLLGSVIFVYSFVDFHVFHRKDSPNVFLFKLGGVTASFTASVGSLFLTAIDRYISIHRPLAYKKIVTRPKAVVAFCLMWTIAIVIAVLPLLGWNCKKLQSVCSDIFPLIDETYLMFWIGVTSVLLLFIVYAYMYILWKAHIHAVRMIQRGTQKSIIIHTSEDGKVQVTRPDQARMDIRLAKTLVLILVVLIICWGPLLAIMVYDVFGKMNKLIKTVFAFCSMLCLLNSTVNPIIYALRSKDLRHAFRSMFPSCEGTAQPLDNSMGDSDCLHKHANNTANVHRAAENCIKNTVQIAKVTISVSTNTSAKAL

Gene
CNR1
Protein
Cannabinoid receptor 1
Organism
Homo sapiens
Length
472 amino acids
Function
Isoform 3: Only binds 2-AG with high affinity. Contrary to its effect on isoform 1, 2-AG behaves as an inverse agonist on isoform 3 in assays measuring GTP binding to membranes.
Similarity
Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family.
Mass
52.858 kDa
Sequence
MKSILDGLADTTFRTITTDLLYVGSNDIQYEDIKGDMASKLGYFPQKFPLTSFRGSPFQEKMTAGDNPQLVPADQVNITEFYNKSLSSFKENEENIQCGENFMDIECFMVLNPSQQLAIAVLSLTLGTFTVLENLLVLCVILHSRSLRCRPSYHFIGSLAVADLLGSVIFVYSFIDFHVFHRKDSRNVFLFKLGGVTASFTASVGSLFLTAIDRYISIHRPLAYKRIVTRPKAVVAFCLMWTIAIVIAVLPLLGWNCEKLQSVCSDIFPHIDETYLMFWIGVTSVLLLFIVYAYMYILWKAHSHAVRMIQRGTQKSIIIHTSEDGKVQVTRPDQARMDIRLAKTLVLILVVLIICWGPLLAIMVYDVFGKMNKLIKTVFAFCSMLCLLNSTVNPIIYALRSKDLRHAFRSMFPSCEGTAQPLDNSMGDSDCLHKHANNAASVHRAAESCIKSTVKIAKVTMSVSTDTSAEAL

Gene
CNR1
Protein
Cannabinoid receptor 1
Organism
Macaca mulatta
Length
472 amino acids
Function
G-protein coupled receptor for cannabinoids, including endocannabinoids (eCBs), such as N-arachidonoylethanolamide (also called anandamide or AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG). Mediates many cannabinoid-induced effects, acting, among others, on food intake, memory loss, gastrointestinal motility, catalepsy, ambulatory activity, anxiety, chronic pain. Signaling typically involves reduction in cyclic AMP (By similarity). In the hypothalamus, may have a dual effect on mitochondrial respiration depending upon the agonist dose and possibly upon the cell type. Increases respiration at low doses, while decreases respiration at high doses. At high doses, CNR1 signal transduction involves G-protein alpha-i protein activation and subsequent inhibition of mitochondrial soluble adenylate cyclase, decrease in cyclic AMP concentration, inhibition of protein kinase A (PKA)-dependent phosphorylation of specific subunits of the mitochondrial electron transport system, including NDUFS2. In the hypothalamus, inhibits leptin-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and mediates cannabinoid-induced increase in SREBF1 and FASN gene expression. In response to cannabinoids, drives the release of orexigenic beta-endorphin, but not that of melanocyte-stimulating hormone alpha/alpha-MSH, from hypothalamic POMC neurons, hence promoting food intake. In the hippocampus, regulates cellular respiration and energy production in response to cannabinoids. Involved in cannabinoid-dependent depolarization-induced suppression of inhibition (DSI), a process in which depolarization of CA1 postsynaptic pyramidal neurons mobilizes eCBs, which retrogradely activate presynaptic CB1 receptors, transiently decreasing GABAergic inhibitory neurotransmission. Also reduces excitatory synaptic transmission (By similarity). In superior cervical ganglions and cerebral vascular smooth muscle cells, inhibits voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels in a constitutive, as well as agonist-dependent manner (By similarity). Induces leptin production in adipocytes and reduces LRP2-mediated leptin clearance in the kidney, hence participating in hyperleptinemia. In adipose tissue, CNR1 signaling leads to increased expression of SREBF1, ACACA and FASN genes. In the liver, activation by cannabinoids leads to increased de novo lipogenesis and reduced fatty acid catabolism, associated with increased expression of SREBF1/SREBP-1, GCK, ACACA, ACACB and FASN genes. May also affect de novo cholesterol synthesis and HDL-cholesteryl ether uptake. Peripherally modulates energy metabolism. In high carbohydrate diet-induced obesity, may decrease the expression of mitochondrial dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase/DLD in striated muscles, as well as that of selected glucose/ pyruvate metabolic enzymes, hence affecting energy expenditure through mitochondrial metabolism. In response to cannabinoid anandamide, elicits a proinflammatory response in macrophages, which involves NLRP3 inflammasome activation and IL1B and IL18 secretion (By similarity).
Similarity
Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family.
Mass
52.858 kDa
Sequence
MKSILDGLADTTFRTITTDLLYVGSNDIQYEDIKGDMASKLGYFPQKFPLTSFRGSPFQEKMTAGDNPQLVPADQVNITEFYNKSLSSFKENEENIQCGENFMDIECFMVLNPSQQLAIAVLSLTLGTFTVLENLLVLCVILHSRSLRCRPSYHFIGSLAVADLLGSVIFVYSFIDFHVFHRKDSRNVFLFKLGGVTASFTASVGSLFLTAIDRYISIHRPLAYKRIVTRPKAVVAFCLMWTIAIVIAVLPLLGWNCEKLQSVCSDIFPHIDETYLMFWIGVTSVLLLFIVYAYMYILWKAHSHAVRMIQRGTQKSIIIHTSEDGKVQVTRPDQARMDIRLAKTLVLILVVLIICWGPLLAIMVYDVFGKMNKLIKTVFAFCSMLCLLNSTVNPIIYALRSKDLRHAFRSMFPSCEGTAQPLDNSMGDSDCLHKHANNAASVHRAAESCIKSTVKIAKVTMSVSTDTSAEAL

Gene
CNR1
Protein
Cannabinoid receptor 1
Organism
Pan troglodytes
Length
472 amino acids
Function
G-protein coupled receptor for cannabinoids, including endocannabinoids (eCBs), such as N-arachidonoylethanolamide (also called anandamide or AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG). Mediates many cannabinoid-induced effects, acting, among others, on food intake, memory loss, gastrointestinal motility, catalepsy, ambulatory activity, anxiety, chronic pain. Signaling typically involves reduction in cyclic AMP (By similarity). In the hypothalamus, may have a dual effect on mitochondrial respiration depending upon the agonist dose and possibly upon the cell type. Increases respiration at low doses, while decreases respiration at high doses. At high doses, CNR1 signal transduction involves G-protein alpha-i protein activation and subsequent inhibition of mitochondrial soluble adenylate cyclase, decrease in cyclic AMP concentration, inhibition of protein kinase A (PKA)-dependent phosphorylation of specific subunits of the mitochondrial electron transport system, including NDUFS2. In the hypothalamus, inhibits leptin-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and mediates cannabinoid-induced increase in SREBF1 and FASN gene expression. In response to cannabinoids, drives the release of orexigenic beta-endorphin, but not that of melanocyte-stimulating hormone alpha/alpha-MSH, from hypothalamic POMC neurons, hence promoting food intake. In the hippocampus, regulates cellular respiration and energy production in response to cannabinoids. Involved in cannabinoid-dependent depolarization-induced suppression of inhibition (DSI), a process in which depolarization of CA1 postsynaptic pyramidal neurons mobilizes eCBs, which retrogradely activate presynaptic CB1 receptors, transiently decreasing GABAergic inhibitory neurotransmission. Also reduces excitatory synaptic transmission (By similarity). In superior cervical ganglions and cerebral vascular smooth muscle cells, inhibits voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels in a constitutive, as well as agonist-dependent manner (By similarity). Induces leptin production in adipocytes and reduces LRP2-mediated leptin clearance in the kidney, hence participating in hyperleptinemia. In adipose tissue, CNR1 signaling leads to increased expression of SREBF1, ACACA and FASN genes. In the liver, activation by cannabinoids leads to increased de novo lipogenesis and reduced fatty acid catabolism, associated with increased expression of SREBF1/SREBP-1, GCK, ACACA, ACACB and FASN genes. May also affect de novo cholesterol synthesis and HDL-cholesteryl ether uptake. Peripherally modulates energy metabolism. In high carbohydrate diet-induced obesity, may decrease the expression of mitochondrial dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase/DLD in striated muscles, as well as that of selected glucose/ pyruvate metabolic enzymes, hence affecting energy expenditure through mitochondrial metabolism. In response to cannabinoid anandamide, elicits a proinflammatory response in macrophages, which involves NLRP3 inflammasome activation and IL1B and IL18 secretion (By similarity).
Similarity
Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family.
Mass
52.858 kDa
Sequence
MKSILDGLADTTFRTITTDLLYVGSNDIQYEDIKGDMASKLGYFPQKFPLTSFRGSPFQEKMTAGDNPQLVPADQVNITEFYNKSLSSFKENEENIQCGENFMDIECFMVLNPSQQLAIAVLSLTLGTFTVLENLLVLCVILHSRSLRCRPSYHFIGSLAVADLLGSVIFVYSFIDFHVFHRKDSRNVFLFKLGGVTASFTASVGSLFLTAIDRYISIHRPLAYKRIVTRPKAVVAFCLMWTIAIVIAVLPLLGWNCEKLQSVCSDIFPHIDETYLMFWIGVTSVLLLFIVYAYMYILWKAHSHAVRMIQRGTQKSIIIHTSEDGKVQVTRPDQARMDIRLAKTLVLILVVLIICWGPLLAIMVYDVFGKMNKLIKTVFAFCSMLCLLNSTVNPIIYALRSKDLRHAFRSMFPSCEGTAQPLDNSMGDSDCLHKHANNAASVHRAAESCIKSTVKIAKVTMSVSTDTSAEAL

Gene
cnr1
Protein
Cannabinoid receptor 1
Organism
Xenopus laevis
Length
470 amino acids
Function
G-protein coupled receptor for cannabinoids (By similarity). Mediates many cannabinoid-induced effects in the central nervous system (CNS), as well as in peripheral tissues. Regulates cellular respiration and energy production in response to cannabinoids. Signaling typically involves reduction in cyclic AMP (By similarity). May be involved in the control of reproductive function (By similarity).
Similarity
Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family.
Mass
52.778 kDa
Sequence
MKSILDGLADTTFRTITTDLLYLGPNEVQYDDSKGDISSKLVYFPQKLPLSSLRGDPLHEKMTIIDDPLLSIPLDQINATDFYNKSIIFKDTDDNVQCGKNFMDMECFMILTPSQQLVIAALSIILGTFTVLENMLVLVVIVQSRSLRCRPSYHFIGSLAVADLLGSVIFVYSFVDFHVFHRKDSPNVFLFKLGGVTASFTASVGSLFLTAIDRYISIHRPMSYKRIVTRTKAVIAFCMMWTIAIVIAVLPLFGWNCIKLRSVCSDIFPLIDETYLMFWIGVTSVLLLFIVYAYMYILWKAHNHAVRMLQRGTQKSIIVHTSEDGKVHITRPDQTRMDIRLAKTLVLILVVLIICWGPLMAIMVYDVFGKINKTIKTVFAFCSVLCLLNSTVNPIIYALRSKDLRNAFCSMFPSCQGTAQPLDNSMESDCQNRHVNNSNAHRAAESCIKSTVKIAKVTMSVSTDTSAEAV

Gene
cnr1
Protein
Cannabinoid receptor 1
Organism
Pelophylax esculentus
Length
462 amino acids
Function
G-protein coupled receptor for cannabinoids (By similarity). Mediates many cannabinoid-induced effects in the central nervous system (CNS), as well as in peripheral tissues. Regulates cellular respiration and energy production in response to cannabinoids. Signaling typically involves reduction in cyclic AMP (By similarity). May be involved in the control of reproductive function (PubMed:16485273).
Similarity
Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family.
Mass
51.888 kDa
Sequence
MKSVLDGLADTTFRTITTDLLYMGPNEVQYEDTKSDLSKLGYYPQKLPLSSYQEKIIDGQSTLHLDSFNATEFYNKSITTFKDGDGNIQCGNNFMDMECFMILTPSQQLVIAALSITLGTFTVLENMLVLCVIFQSRTLRCRPSYHFIGSLAVADLLGSVIFVYSFVDFHVFHRIDSPNVFLFKLGGVTASFTASVGSLFLTAIDRYISIHRPLSYKRIVTRTKAVIAFCMMWTIAIVIAVLPLLGWNCKKLKSVCSDIFPLIDETYLMFWIGVTSVLLLFIVYAYMYILWKAHHHAVRMLQRGTQKSIIVHTSEDGKVHITRPDQTRMDIRLAKTLVLILVVLIICWGPLLAIMVYDVFGKMNKTVKTVFAFCCMLCLLNSTVNPIIYALRSKDLRSAFCSMFPNCEGTAQPLDNSMESDGQNRHAHNSNVHRAAESCIKSTVKIAKVTMSVSTDTSAEAV

Gene
CNR1
Protein
Cell number regulator 1
Organism
Zea mays
Length
191 amino acids
Function
Acts as a negative regulator of cell number.
Similarity
Belongs to the cornifelin family.
Mass
20.46 kDa
Sequence
MYPSAPPDAYNKFSAGAPPTAPPPPAAYHQQQQQHGANMDTSRPGGGLRKWSTGLFHCMDDPGNCLITCLCPCVTFGQVADIVDKGTCPCIASGLVYGLICASTGMGCLYSCLYRSKLRAEYDLDEGECPDILVHCCCEHLALCQEYRELKNRGFDLGIGWEANMDRQRRGVAGGGAVMGAPPAIPLGMIR