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adaR

Gene
ADAR
Protein
Double-stranded RNA-specific adenosine deaminase
Organism
Homo sapiens
Length
1226 amino acids
Function
Catalyzes the hydrolytic deamination of adenosine to inosine in double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) referred to as A-to-I RNA editing (PubMed:7972084, PubMed:7565688, PubMed:12618436). This may affect gene expression and function in a number of ways that include mRNA translation by changing codons and hence the amino acid sequence of proteins; pre-mRNA splicing by altering splice site recognition sequences; RNA stability by changing sequences involved in nuclease recognition; genetic stability in the case of RNA virus genomes by changing sequences during viral RNA replication; and RNA structure-dependent activities such as microRNA production or targeting or protein-RNA interactions. Can edit both viral and cellular RNAs and can edit RNAs at multiple sites (hyper-editing) or at specific sites (site-specific editing). Its cellular RNA substrates include: bladder cancer-associated protein (BLCAP), neurotransmitter receptors for glutamate (GRIA2) and serotonin (HTR2C) and GABA receptor (GABRA3). Site-specific RNA editing of transcripts encoding these proteins results in amino acid substitutions which consequently alters their functional activities. Exhibits low-level editing at the GRIA2 Q/R site, but edits efficiently at the R/G site and HOTSPOT1. Its viral RNA substrates include: hepatitis C virus (HCV), vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), measles virus (MV), hepatitis delta virus (HDV), and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Exhibits either a proviral (HDV, MV, VSV and HIV-1) or an antiviral effect (HCV) and this can be editing-dependent (HDV and HCV), editing-independent (VSV and MV) or both (HIV-1). Impairs HCV replication via RNA editing at multiple sites. Enhances the replication of MV, VSV and HIV-1 through an editing-independent mechanism via suppression of EIF2AK2/PKR activation and function. Stimulates both the release and infectivity of HIV-1 viral particles by an editing-dependent mechanism where it associates with viral RNAs and edits adenosines in the 5'UTR and the Rev and Tat coding sequence. Can enhance viral replication of HDV via A-to-I editing at a site designated as amber/W, thereby changing an UAG amber stop codon to an UIG tryptophan (W) codon that permits synthesis of the large delta antigen (L-HDAg) which has a key role in the assembly of viral particles. However, high levels of ADAR1 inhibit HDV replication.
Mass
136.066 kDa
Sequence
MNPRQGYSLSGYYTHPFQGYEHRQLRYQQPGPGSSPSSFLLKQIEFLKGQLPEAPVIGKQTPSLPPSLPGLRPRFPVLLASSTRGRQVDIRGVPRGVHLRSQGLQRGFQHPSPRGRSLPQRGVDCLSSHFQELSIYQDQEQRILKFLEELGEGKATTAHDLSGKLGTPKKEINRVLYSLAKKGKLQKEAGTPPLWKIAVSTQAWNQHSGVVRPDGHSQGAPNSDPSLEPEDRNSTSVSEDLLEPFIAVSAQAWNQHSGVVRPDSHSQGSPNSDPGLEPEDSNSTSALEDPLEFLDMAEIKEKICDYLFNVSDSSALNLAKNIGLTKARDINAVLIDMERQGDVYRQGTTPPIWHLTDKKRERMQIKRNTNSVPETAPAAIPETKRNAEFLTCNIPTSNASNNMVTTEKVENGQEPVIKLENRQEARPEPARLKPPVHYNGPSKAGYVDFENGQWATDDIPDDLNSIRAAPGEFRAIMEMPSFYSHGLPRCSPYKKLTECQLKNPISGLLEYAQFASQTCEFNMIEQSGPPHEPRFKFQVVINGREFPPAEAGSKKVAKQDAAMKAMTILLEEAKAKDSGKSEESSHYSTEKESEKTAESQTPTPSATSFFSGKSPVTTLLECMHKLGNSCEFRLLSKEGPAHEPKFQYCVAVGAQTFPSVSAPSKKVAKQMAAEEAMKALHGEATNSMASDNQPEGMISESLDNLESMMPNKVRKIGELVRYLNTNPVGGLLEYARSHGFAAEFKLVDQSGPPHEPKFVYQAKVGGRWFPAVCAHSKKQGKQEAADAALRVLIGENEKAERMGFTEVTPVTGASLRRTMLLLSRSPEAQPKTLPLTGSTFHDQIAMLSHRCFNTLTNSFQPSLLGRKILAAIIMKKDSEDMGVVVSLGTGNRCVKGDSLSLKGETVNDCHAEIISRRGFIRFLYSELMKYNSQTAKDSIFEPAKGGEKLQIKKTVSFHLYISTAPCGDGALFDKSCSDRAMESTESRHYPVFENPKQGKLRTKVENGEGTIPVESSDIVPTWDGIRLGERLRTMSCSDKILRWNVLGLQGALLTHFLQPIYLKSVTLGYLFSQGHLTRAICCRVTRDGSAFEDGLRHPFIVNHPKVGRVSIYDSKRQSGKTKETSVNWCLADGYDLEILDGTRGTVDGPRNELSRVSKKNIFLLFKKLCSFRYRRDLLRLSYGEAKKAARDYETAKNYFKKGLKDMGYGNWISKPQEEKNFYLCPV

Gene
Adar
Protein
Double-stranded RNA-specific adenosine deaminase
Organism
Mus musculus
Length
1178 amino acids
Function
Catalyzes the hydrolytic deamination of adenosine to inosine in double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) referred to as A-to-I RNA editing. This may affect gene expression and function in a number of ways that include mRNA translation by changing codons and hence the amino acid sequence of proteins; pre-mRNA splicing by altering splice site recognition sequences; RNA stability by changing sequences involved in nuclease recognition; genetic stability in the case of RNA virus genomes by changing sequences during viral RNA replication; and RNA structure-dependent activities such as microRNA production or targeting or protein-RNA interactions. Can edit both viral and cellular RNAs and can edit RNAs at multiple sites (hyper-editing) or at specific sites (site-specific editing). Its cellular RNA substrates include: bladder cancer-associated protein (BLCAP), neurotransmitter receptors for glutamate (GRIA2) and serotonin (HTR2C) and GABA receptor (GABRA3). Site-specific RNA editing of transcripts encoding these proteins results in amino acid substitutions which consequently alters their functional activities. Exhibits low-level editing at the GRIA2 Q/R site, but edits efficiently at the R/G site and HOTSPOT1. Does not affect polyomavirus replication but provides protection against virus-induced cytopathic effects. Essential for embryonic development and cell survival and plays a critical role in the maintenance of hematopoietic stem cells.
Mass
130.447 kDa
Sequence
MSQGFRGPTGVFPHQTQSYLDPSHEHSKWRYPQPQGPESYPRSFQLQQIEFLKGRLPEAPLIGIQTQSLPPFLPGHWPRFPGPPAQDRQLEIWEFPRSVTLRNQGFHIGPPLPPPHSRGTPWRGADGLCSHFRELSISQSPEQKVLNRLEELGEGKATTAHVLARELRIPKRDINRILYSLEKKGKLHRGRGKPPLWSLVPLSQAWTQPPGVVNPDSCIQEFPRGEPGLDSEDGDPASDLEGPSEPLDMAEIKEKICDYLFNVSNSSALNLAKNIGLTKARDVTSVLIDLERQGDVYRQGATPPIWYLTDKKRERLQMKRSTHSAPAPTPTAVPEATRSPSFPACHPPPAGASSSVAASKRVENGQEPAIKHESRHEARPGPMRLRPHAYHNGPSRAGYVASENGQWATDDIPDNLNSIHTAPGEFRAIMEMPSFYSPTLPRCSPYKKLTECQLKNPVSGLLEYAQFTSQTCDFNLIEQSGPSHEPRFKFQVVINGREFPPAEAGSKKVAKQDAAVKAMAILLREAKAKDSGQPEDLSHCPMEEDSEKPAEAQAPSSSATSLFSGKSPVTTLLECMHKLGNSCEFRLLSKEGPAHDPKFQYCVAVGAQTFPPVSAPSKKVAKQMAAEEAMKALQEEAASSADDQSGGANTDSLDESMAPNKIRRIGELVRYLNTNPVGGLLEYARSHGFAAEFKLIDQSGPPHEPKFVYQAKVGGRWFPAVCAHSKKQGKQDAADAALRVLIGESEKAEQLGFAEVTPVTGASLRRTMLLLSRSPDAHPKTLPLSGSTFHDQIAMLSHRCFNALTNSFQPSLLGRKILAAIIMKRDPEDMGVVVSLGTGNRCVKGDSLSLKGETVNDCHAEIISRRGFIRFLYSELMKYNHHTAKNSIFELARGGEKLQIKKTVSFHLYISTAPCGDGALFDKSCSDRAVESTESRHYPVFENPKQGKLRTKVENGEGTIPVESSDIVPTWDGIRLGERLRTMSCSDKILRWNVLGLQGALLTHFLQPVYLKSVTLGYLFSQGHLTRAICCRVTRDGKAFEDGLRYPFIVNHPKVGRVSVYDSKRQSGKTKETSVNWCMADGYDLEILDGTRGTVDGPGKELSRVSKKNIFLQFKKLCSFRARRDLLQLSYGEAKKAARDYDLAKNYFKKSLRDMGYGNWISKPQEEKNFYLCPVPND

Gene
Adar
Protein
Double-stranded RNA-specific adenosine deaminase
Organism
Rattus norvegicus
Length
1175 amino acids
Function
Catalyzes the hydrolytic deamination of adenosine to inosine in double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) referred to as A-to-I RNA editing. This may affect gene expression and function in a number of ways that include mRNA translation by changing codons and hence the amino acid sequence of proteins; pre-mRNA splicing by altering splice site recognition sequences; RNA stability by changing sequences involved in nuclease recognition; genetic stability in the case of RNA virus genomes by changing sequences during viral RNA replication; and RNA structure-dependent activities such as microRNA production or targeting or protein-RNA interactions. Can edit both viral and cellular RNAs and can edit RNAs at multiple sites (hyper-editing) or at specific sites (site-specific editing). Its cellular RNA substrates include: bladder cancer-associated protein (BLCAP), neurotransmitter receptors for glutamate (GRIA2) and serotonin (HTR2C) and GABA receptor (GABRA3). Site-specific RNA editing of transcripts encoding these proteins results in amino acid substitutions which consequently alters their functional activities. Exhibits low-level editing at the GRIA2 Q/R site, but edits efficiently at the R/G site and HOTSPOT1. Does not affect polyomavirus replication but provides protection against virus-induced cytopathic effects. Essential for embryonic development and cell survival and plays a critical role in the maintenance of hematopoietic stem cells (By similarity).
Mass
129.911 kDa
Sequence
MSQGFRGPTGVFPHQTQPCLDPSYEHSKWRYLQPRGSESYLRSFQLQQIEFLKGRLPEAPLIGAQTQSLPPFLPGHWPRFPGPPAQGKQPEIWGFPRSVTLRNQGFHIGPPLPPPHSRGPPWRGAEGLCSHFQELSISQNPEQKVLNRLEELGEGKATTAYALARELRTPKKDINRILYSLERKGKLHRGVGKPPLWSLVPLSQACTQPPRAVNSDKEVPRGEPDLDSEDGDPASDLEGPSELLDMAEIKEKICDYLFNVSKSSALNLAKNIGLAKARDVNAVLIDLERQGDVYREGATPPIWYLTDKKRERLQMKRSTHSGPAATPAAVSEATQSTSFPTCHPPQSGGSSSMATSKRVENGQEPVTKYESRHEARPGPVRLRPHAYHNGPSRAGYVASENGPWATDDIPDNLNSIHTAPGEFRAIMEMPSFYSPTLPRCSPYKKLTECQLKNPVSGLLEYAQFTSQTCDFNLIEQSGPSHEPRFKFQVVINGREFPPAEAGSKKVAKQDAAVKAMAILLREAKAKDSGQPEELSNCPMEEDPEKPAESQPPSSSATSLFSGKSPVTTLLECMHKLGNSCEFRLLSKEGPAHDPKFQYCVAVGAQTFPSVSAPSKKVAKQMAAEEAMKALQEEAANSADDQSGGANTDSLDESVAPNKIRRIGELVRYLNTNPVGGLLEYARSHGFAAEFKLIDQSGPPHEPKFVYQAKVGGRWFPAVCAHSKKQGKQDAADAALRVLIGESEKAEQLGFAEVTPVTGASLRRTMLLLSRSPDAHPKTLPLTGSTFHDQIAMLSHRCFNALTNSFQPSLLGRKILAAIIMKRDPEDMGVVVSLGTGNRCVKGDSLSLKGETVNDCHAEIISRRGFIRFLYSELMKYNHHTAKNSIFELARGGEKLQIKKTVSFHLYISTAPCGDGAHFDKSCSDRAVESTESRHYPVFENPKQGKLRTKVENGEGTIPVESSDIVPTWDGIRLGERLRTMSCSDKILRWNVLGLQGALLTHFLQPVYLKSVTLGYLFSQGHLTRAICCRVTRDGNAFEDGLRYPFIVNHPKVGRVSVYDSKRQSGKTKETSVNWCLADGYDLEILDGTRGTVDGPGKELSRVSKKNIFLQFKKLCSFRARRDLLQLSYGEAKKAARDYDLAKNYFKKSLRDMGYGNWISKPQEEKNFYLCPVPND

Gene
adaR
Protein
C6 finger domain transcription factor adaR
Organism
Aspergillus niger (strain CBS 513.88 / FGSC A1513)
Length
777 amino acids
Function
Transcription factor that specifically regulates the expression of the ada gene cluster involved in the biosynthesis of the linear tetracyclic TAN-1612 neuropeptide Y receptor antagonist.
Mass
85.148 kDa
Sequence
MEQRSSPARSLPPRKTTTTPQLSCELCRKRKVKCDKLTPCTNCAASGTVCVPIYRTRLPRGRHATRPRRVSSPPPTSAPGETDRIIQPSVPVNEDLQERIYRLEALIQGMNSHSHTRTPSATSREQSVQLSDTSTFQTAPNPNTSPILNSSIVSKRLMLQRPDQFWADLVDEIHGLREVVESSLAGGQEGPIPSSDSAKSEPPNDDGIQVLGLGASNPSAALRSMSPLHNPVVARQLCEVYLQQVDPVIKILHRPSLNRWMVQGEPYLSYADGHPAVEALGSAVCYSAISSMTDNQCSVMFHANKADLLAEARVACETAIGRAGLLTTRDITVLQAFVLYLVARRSEDRTPAVWTLIALAVRIGKGLGLYLDPETETFFDQQIRRRLWFTICLMDLQASFGQASEPLISVDESASTALPQHINDSDFDPTTAAHSDPNREGLTDTTFALVTYHAQRTGRLLNFVQHDRKVDGGIPTPTSSTSGTSTSRSRTCDPSWPQQQARHFEQEALRLLHFCDPGTSAYAWFTWHGTQSLIATVRLAAARPLQWHGQAPPPRREGNTELLRLCLPVLEKAQLMHTDPRAEGFRWYVTIPWYALAMALAECYVSSDTALVRYAWPLVESSYLQYEATLGQSLGGPFGQLMRRMKEKLAAPAALPPSSLPSTNWSPATPPTFPGVPRPQSSHDDRHAPGCSWPVPTGSTPPADLGVPSLLPVSTWEALSPPSLDNPSLFGVPPTTTAVADGMDPGADIMWEELFSGIPFNEIAGPDTFFFDMNWGS

Gene
adaR
Protein
C6 finger domain transcription factor adaR
Organism
Aspergillus niger
Length
777 amino acids
Function
Transcription factor that specifically regulates the expression of the ada gene cluster involved in the biosynthesis of the linear tetracyclic TAN-1612 neuropeptide Y receptor antagonist.
Mass
85.148 kDa
Sequence
MEQRSSPARSLPPRKTTTTPQLSCELCRKRKVKCDKLTPCTNCAASGTVCVPIYRTRLPRGRHATRPRRVSSPPPTSAPGETDRIIQPSVPVNEDLQERIYRLEALIQGMNSHSHTRTPSATSREQSVQLSDTSTFQTAPNPNTSPILNSSIVSKRLMLQRPDQFWADLVDEIHGLREVVESSLAGGQEGPIPSSDSAKSEPPNDDGIQVLGLGASNPSAALRSMSPLHNPVVARQLCEVYLQQVDPVIKILHRPSLNRWMVQGEPYLSYADGHPAVEALGSAVCYSAISSMTDNQCSVMFHANKADLLAEARVACETAIGRAGLLTTRDITVLQAFVLYLVARRSEDRTPAVWTLIALAVRIGKGLGLYLDPETETFFDQQIRRRLWFTICLMDLQASFGQASEPLISVDESASTALPQHINDSDFDPTTAAHSDPNREGLTDTTFALVTYHAQRTGRLLNFVQHDRKVDGGIPTPTSSTSGTSTSRSRTCDPSWPQQQARHFEQEALRLLHFCDPGTSAYAWFTWHGTQSLIATVRLAAARPLQWHGQAPPPRREGNTELLRLCLPVLEKAQLMHTDPRAEGFRWYVTIPWYALAMALAECYVSSDTALVRYAWPLVESSYLQYEATLGQSLGGPFGQLMRRMKEKLAAPAALPPSSLPSTNWSPATPPTFPGVPRPQSSHDDRHAPGCSWPVPTGSTPPADLGVPSLLPVSTWEALSPPSLDNPSLFGVPPTTTAVADGMDPGADIMWEELFSGIPFNEIAGPDTFFFDMNWGS

Gene
Adar
Protein
Double-stranded RNA-specific editase Adar
Organism
Drosophila melanogaster
Length
676 amino acids
Function
Has A-to-I RNA editing activity on extended dsRNA: edits RNA-binding protein Rnp4F. A-to-I editing of pre-mRNAs acts predominantly through nervous system targets to affect adult nervous system integrity, function and behavior. Essential for adaptation to environmental stresses, such as oxygen deprivation, and for the prevention of premature neuronal degeneration, through the editing of ion channels as targets.
Mass
74.978 kDa
Sequence
MKFDSRVMLNSANNNSPQHPVSAPSDINMNGYNRKLPQKRGYEMPKYSDPKKKMCKERIPQPKNTVAMLNELRHGLIYKLESQTGPVHAPLFTISVEVDGQKYLGQGRSKKVARIEAAATALRSFIQFKDGAVLSPLKPAGNLDFTSDEHLENGIENLSSSKMFEIIQTMLTEKLSNPTSLEQPTFCMSQNVSKSAITVDGQKKVPDKGPVMLLYELFNDVNFECINIDGAQNNCRFKMTVTINEKKFDGTGPSKKTAKNAAAKAALASLCNISYSPMVVPQKNVPLPIDDKSSSMELPQIHADTIGRLVLEKFMEVIKGQEAYSRRKVLAGIVMTENMNFCEAKVISVSTGTKCVSGEHMSVNGAVLNDSHAEIVSRRCLLKYLYAQLDLQCNQATAYQSIFVRNTDGQYPYKLKSGVHFHLYINTAPCGDARIFSPHENDTGVDKHPNRKARGQLRTKIESGEGTIPVKSSDGIQTWDGVLQGQRLLTMSCSDKIARWNIVGIQGSLLSSIIEPVYLHSIVLGSLLHPEHMYRAVCGRIEKSIQGLPPPYHLNKPRLALVTSAEPRNQAKAPNFGINWTIGDTELEVVNSLTGRTIGGQVSRITKQAFFVKYGFLMANLPGILVRKVTTDYGQTKANVKDYQIAKLELFSAFKREDLGSWLKKPIEQDEFGLAE