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abr1

Gene
abr1
Protein
Multicopper oxidase abr1
Organism
Neosartorya fumigata (strain ATCC MYA-4609 / Af293 / CBS 101355 / FGSC A1100)
Length
664 amino acids
Function
Multicopper oxidase; part of the gene cluster that mediates the biosynthesis of dihydroxynaphthalene (DHN)-melanin, a bluish-green pigment and a structural component of the conidial wall (PubMed:10515939, PubMed:14970241, PubMed:19156203). The first step of the pathway is the production of the heptaketide naphtopyrone YWA1 by the polyketide synthase alb1 though condensation of acetyl-CoA with malonyl-CoA (PubMed:10515939). The naphtopyrone YWA1 is then converted to the pentaketide 1,3,6,8-tetrahydroxynaphthalene (1,3,6,8-THN) by the heptaketide hydrolyase ayg1 though chain-length shortening (PubMed:10515939,). 1,3,6,8-THN is substrate of the hydroxynaphthalene reductase arp2 to yield scytalone (PubMed:10515939). The scytalone dehydratase arp1 then reduces scytalone to 1,3,8-THN (PubMed:10515939). 1,3,8-THN is also substrate of the hydroxynaphthalene reductase arp2 to yield vermelone (PubMed:10515939). Vermelone is further converted by the multicopper oxidase abr1 to 1,8-DHN (PubMed:10515939). Finally the laccase abr2 transforms 1,8-DHN to DHN-melanin (PubMed:10515939). DHN-melanin biosynthesis appears to be initiated in endosomes where early enzymes (abl1, ayg1, arp1 and arp2) localize, with exocytosis leading to melanin deposition on the cell surface where late enzymes (abr1 and abr2) localize (PubMed:26972005). DHN-melanin is an important structural component of the outer cell wall and is required for the presence of conidial surface hydrophobins (PubMed:19703288). DHN-melanin plays also a crucial role in fungal virulence, including a protective role against the host's immune defenses (PubMed:19156203, PubMed:20145078, PubMed:21747802, PubMed:21573171, PubMed:24818666). DHN-melanin protects also conidia against amoeba predation (PubMed:25684622).
Similarity
Belongs to the multicopper oxidase family.
Mass
73.445 kDa
Sequence
MFHSRALLLSWLVGFTAAKDIHLDWNITWVWAAPDGFGRPMIGINNEWPCPIVNADLGDRLIVDVHNGLGNQSTGIHWHGFHQYMTGTMDGSNQVTQCALPPGSSMRYEFDVNQTGTYWYHSHEMGQYPDGLRGPFIVRDPSPPFAYDDEFTLTLTDHYHEQMSVLLQQYEADSVGAQAGVNEPLPAAALINEGFDTTTLRVEPNKTYLIHLVCVGNWPGHVIVFDDHEISVVEVDGTWVDAYPARDKKIRLATGQRMSILLKTKDNTDRNYAIWDSMDVNMMFFYQNRAIPEGFNPNTTAWLVYDEAKELPPAPDVHELDPNNDFVDDLVFVPASHEPLLEKVDRQIIFDTGVTQRDGRSVYTINGQTYVDPEEPTLYTALAASPENASNASLYGQVNPFVVQYGEVVEIIINNHHGNLHPWHMHGHQFQVLQRTIPEGGYFDGYFANISSTPVKRDTIMVQNHGHAVLRFRANNPGVWLIHCHIEWHVTKGLTGTLIEAPAQMHKISVPLDHQRICPSYGTPPGGTPSSPPHDAPRPDGASGSPQYPPKPWGEPDASAPEQDDSQPGGTPDSPEDFPQPWGEPEESPQEPPQPWSPSNNAQPPANTYAPEYPSGYVPVAPGPVIIDSELHYGGKSSHVECSGVNAGHTQDTTTGGDGCANAS

Gene
ABR1
Protein
Ethylene-responsive transcription factor ABR1
Organism
Arabidopsis thaliana
Length
391 amino acids
Function
Negative regulator of the abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathway involved in seed germination and in responses to stress conditions. Probably acts as a transcriptional activator. Binds to the GCC-box pathogenesis-related promoter element. May be involved in the regulation of gene expression by stress factors and by components of stress signal transduction pathways (By similarity).
Similarity
Belongs to the AP2/ERF transcription factor family. ERF subfamily.
Mass
42.814 kDa
Sequence
MCVLKVANQEDNVGKKAESIRDDDHRTLSEIDQWLYLFAAEDDHHRHSFPTQQPPPSSSSSSLISGFSREMEMSAIVSALTHVVAGNVPQHQQGGGEGSGEGTSNSSSSSGQKRRREVEEGGAKAVKAANTLTVDQYFSGGSSTSKVREASSNMSGPGPTYEYTTTATASSETSSFSGDQPRRRYRGVRQRPWGKWAAEIRDPFKAARVWLGTFDNAESAARAYDEAALRFRGNKAKLNFPENVKLVRPASTEAQPVHQTAAQRPTQSRNSGSTTTLLPIRPASNQSVHSQPLMQSYNLSYSEMARQQQQFQQHHQQSLDLYDQMSFPLRFGHTGGSMMQSTSSSSSHSRPLFSPAAVQPPPESASETGYLQDIQWPSDKTSNNYNNSPSS