Tax

Protein Tax-1

353 amino acids

Transcriptional activator that governs the viral transcription from the 5'LTR via the recruitment of dimers of host phosphorylated CREB1. Together they bind cAMP response elements within the viral promoter and mediate high-level viral transcription (PubMed:8970957). Increases host CREB1 O-GlcNAcylation to further increase 5'LTR transactivation (PubMed:28742148). Modulates also the expression of cellular genes leading to the deregulation of T-cell proliferation, perturbing the integrity of cell cycle checkpoints, the DNA damage response and apopototic pathways. Acts as an ubiquitin E3 ligase and stimulates host IKK complex by catalyzing the assembly of free mixed-linkage polyubiquitin chains, resulting in constitutive activation of the transcription factor NF-kappa-B (PubMed:28103322, PubMed:27082114). Inhibits the host nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD), a cellular process that can actively degrade mRNAs by interacting with host UPF1 (PubMed:27082114).

Belongs to the deltaretrovirus Tax protein family.

39.471 kDa

MAHFPGFGQSLLFGYPVYVFGDCVQGDWCPISGGLCSARLHRHALLATCPEHQITWDPIDGRVIGSALQFLIPRLPSFPTQRTSKTLKVLTPPITHTTPNIPPSFLQAMRKYSPFRNGYMEPTLGQHLPTLSFPDPGLRPQNLYTLWGGSVVCMYLYQLSPPITWPLLPHVIFCHPGQLGAFLTNVPYKRIEELLYKISLTTGALIILPEDCLPTTLFQPARAPVTLTAWQNGLLPFHSTLTTPGLIWTFTDGTPMISGPCPKDGQPSLVLQSSSFIFHKFQTKAYHPSFLLSHGLIQYSSFHSLHLLFEEYTNIPISLLFNEKEADDNDHEPQISPGGLEPPSEKHFRETEV

tax

Protein Tax-1

353 amino acids

Transcriptional activator that activates both the viral long terminal repeat (LTR) and cellular promoters via activation of CREB, NF-kappa-B, SRF and AP-1 pathways. Binds to three 21 bp repeat elements located within the LTRs, referred to as Tax-responsive elements (TRE). Binding to TRE requires the interaction with CREB1 and CREBBP. Also induces chromatin remodeling of proviral LTR-mediated gene expression by recruiting the histone acetyl transferases CREBBP and EP300 to the chromatin, which results in histone acetylation. Via its interaction with IKK regulatory subunit IKBKG, Tax-1 persistently stimulates I-kappa-B kinase (IKK), resulting in constitutive activation of the transcription factor NF-kappa-B. Induction of the nuclear expression of members of the NFkB family of transcription factors, which leads to up-regulated expression of many gene promoters containing NFkB motifs. These genes include those encoding IL2, IL15, IL2RA and IL15RA, leading to autocrine IL2/IL2RA and IL15/IL15RA loops. The resulting T-cell proliferation leads to malignant transformation and to the development of adult T-cell leukemia (ATL). IL13, known to be linked to leukemogenesis, is also up-regulated by Tax-1. Interaction with PDZ domain-containing proteins induce IL2-independent growth, which may be a factor in multi-step leukemogenesis. Inhibits the action of at least three cellular tumor suppressors p53/TP53, RB1 and DLG1, and suppresses their abilities to dictate apoptosis in primary cells. Required for viral replication (By similarity).

Belongs to the deltaretrovirus Tax protein family.

39.513 kDa

MAHFPGFGQSLLFGYPVYVFGDCVQGDWCPISGGLCSARLHRHALLATCPEHQITWDPIDGRVIGSALQFLIPRLPSFPTQRTSKTLKVLTPPITHTTPNIPPSFLQAMRKYSPFRNGYMEPTLGQHLPTLSFPDPGLRPQNLYTLWGGSVVCMYLYQLSPPITWPLLPHVIFCHPGQLGAFLTNVPYKRIEKLLYKISLTTGALIILPEDCLPTTLFQPARAPVTLTAWQNGLLPFHSTLTTPGLIWTFTDGTPMISGPCPKDGQPSLVLQSSSFIFHKFQTKAYHPSFLLSHGLIQYSSFHNLHLLFEEYTNIPISLLFNEKEADDNDHEPQISPGGLEPLSEKHFRETEV

tax

Protein Tax-1

353 amino acids

Transcriptional activator that activates both the viral long terminal repeat (LTR) and cellular promoters via activation of CREB, NF-kappa-B, SRF and AP-1 pathways. Binds to three 21 bp repeat elements located within the LTRs, referred to as Tax-responsive elements (TRE). Binding to TRE requires the interaction with CREB1 and CREBBP. Also induces chromatin remodeling of proviral LTR-mediated gene expression by recruiting the histone acetyl transferases CREBBP and EP300 to the chromatin, which results in histone acetylation. Via its interaction with IKK regulatory subunit IKBKG, Tax-1 persistently stimulates I-kappa-B kinase (IKK), resulting in constitutive activation of the transcription factor NF-kappa-B. Induction of the nuclear expression of members of the NFkB family of transcription factors, which leads to up-regulated expression of many gene promoters containing NFkB motifs. These genes include those encoding IL2, IL15, IL2RA and IL15RA, leading to autocrine IL2/IL2RA and IL15/IL15RA loops. The resulting T-cell proliferation leads to malignant transformation and to the development of adult T-cell leukemia (ATL). IL13, known to be linked to leukemogenesis, is also up-regulated by Tax-1. Interaction with PDZ domain-containing proteins induce IL2-independent growth, which may be a factor in multi-step leukemogenesis. Inhibits the action of at least three cellular tumor suppressors p53/TP53, RB1 and DLG1, and suppresses their abilities to dictate apoptosis in primary cells. Required for viral replication (By similarity).

Belongs to the deltaretrovirus Tax protein family.

39.517 kDa

MAHFPGFGQSLLFGYPVYVFGDCVQGDWCPISGGLCSARLHRHALLATCPEHQITWDPIDGRVIGSALQFLIPRLPSFPTQRTSKTLKVLTPPTTHTTPNIPPSFLQAMRKYSPFRNGYMEPTLGQHLPTLSFPDPGLRPQNLYTLWGGSVVCMYLYQLSPPITWPLLPHVIFDHPDQLGAFLTNVPYKRMEELLYKISLTTGALIILPEDCLPTTLFQPARAPVTLTAWQSGLLPFHSTLTTPGLIWAFTDGTPMISGPCPKDGRPSLVLQSSSFIFHKFQTKAYHPSFLLSHGLIQYSSFHNLHLLFEEYTNIPISLLFNEKEADDTDHEPQVSPGGLEPPSEKHFRETEV

tax

Protein Tax-1

352 amino acids

Transcriptional activator that activates both the viral long terminal repeat (LTR) and cellular promoters via activation of CREB, NF-kappa-B, SRF and AP-1 pathways. Binds to three 21 bp repeat elements located within the LTRs, referred to as Tax-responsive elements (TRE). Binding to TRE requires the interaction with CREB1 and CREBBP. Also induces chromatin remodeling of proviral LTR-mediated gene expression by recruiting the histone acetyl transferases CREBBP and EP300 to the chromatin, which results in histone acetylation. Via its interaction with IKK regulatory subunit IKBKG, Tax-1 persistently stimulates I-kappa-B kinase (IKK), resulting in constitutive activation of the transcription factor NF-kappa-B. Induction of the nuclear expression of members of the NFkB family of transcription factors, which leads to up-regulated expression of many gene promoters containing NFkB motifs. These genes include those encoding IL2, IL15, IL2RA and IL15RA, leading to autocrine IL2/IL2RA and IL15/IL15RA loops. The resulting T-cell proliferation leads to malignant transformation and to the development of adult T-cell leukemia (ATL). IL13, known to be linked to leukemogenesis, is also up-regulated by Tax-1. Interaction with PDZ domain-containing proteins induce IL2-independent growth, which may be a factor in multi-step leukemogenesis. Inhibits the action of at least three cellular tumor suppressors p53/TP53, RB1 and DLG1, and suppresses their abilities to dictate apoptosis in primary cells. Required for viral replication (By similarity).

Belongs to the deltaretrovirus Tax protein family.

39.149 kDa

MAHFPGFGQSLLYGYPVYVFGDCVQGDWCPISGGLCSARLHRHALLATCPEHQITDPIDGRVIGSALQFLIPRLPSFPTQRTSKTLKVLTPPTTHTTPNIPPSFFQAVRQHSPFRNGCMEPTLGQQLPSLSFPDPGLRPQNLYTLWGSSVVCMYLYQLSPPITWPLLPQVIFCHPGQLGAFLTNVPYKRMEELLYKIFLNTGALIILPEGCLPTTLFQPIRAPATLTAWQNGLLPFQSTLTTPGLIWTFSDGTPMISGPCPKDGQPSLVLQSSSFIFHKFQTKAYHPSVLLSHGLIQYSSFHSLHLPFEEYTNIPISLLFNKREADDTDYGPRIPPGGLEPPSEKHFHETEV

tax

Protein Tax-3

350 amino acids

Transcriptional activator that activates both the viral long terminal repeat (LTR) and cellular promoters via activation of CREB, NF-kappa-B, SRF and AP-1 pathways. Binds to two 21 bp repeat elements located within the LTRs, referred to as Tax-responsive element (TRE). Binding to TRE requires the interaction with CREB1 and CREBBP. Activation of NF-kappa-B leads to up-regulation of the expression of gene promoters containing NFkB motifs like IL8 or BCL2L1. Inhibits the action of p53/TP53 and MYCB. All these functions could lead to the possible occurrence of lymphoproliferative disorders. Required for viral replication (By similarity).

Belongs to the deltaretrovirus Tax protein family.

39.016 kDa

MAHFPGFGQSLLYGYPVYVFGDCVQADWCPISGGLCSARLHRHALLATCPEHQITWDPIDGRVVSSALQYLIPRLPSFPTQRTTRTLKVLTPPTTAATPKIPPSFFHAVKKHTPFRNNCLELTLGEQLPAMSFPDPGLRPQNIYTMWGSSVVCLYLYQLSPPMTWPLIPHVIFCHPEQLGAFLTRVPTKRLEELLYKIFLSTGAIIILPENCFPTTLFQPTRAPAVQAPWHTGLLPCQKEIATPGLIWTFTDGSPMISGPCPKEGQPSLVVQSSTFIFQQFQTKASHPAFLLSHKLIHYSSFHSLHLLFEEYTTIPFSLLFNEKGANVDDDEPRDGSQPPARGQIAESPV

tax

Protein Tax-3

350 amino acids

Transcriptional activator that activates both the viral long terminal repeat (LTR) and cellular promoters via activation of CREB, NF-kappa-B, SRF and AP-1 pathways. Binds to two 21 bp repeat elements located within the LTRs, referred to as Tax-responsive element (TRE). Binding to TRE requires the interaction with CREB1 and CREBBP. Activation of NF-kappa-B leads to up-regulation of the expression of gene promoters containing NFkB motifs like IL8 or BCL2L1. Inhibits the action of p53/TP53 and MYCB. All these functions could lead to the possible occurrence of lymphoproliferative disorders. Required for viral replication.

Belongs to the deltaretrovirus Tax protein family.

38.866 kDa

MAHFPGFGQSLLYGYPVYVFGDCVQADWCPISGGLCSARLHRHALLATCPEHQITWDPIDGRVVSSALQYLIPRLPSFPTQRTTRTLKVLTPPTTATTPKVPPSFFHAVKKHTPFRNNCLELTLGEQLPAMSFPDPGLRPQNVYTIWGCSVVCLYLYQLSPPMTWPLIPHVIFCHPEQLGAFLTRVPTKRLEELLYKIFLSTGAIIILPENCFPTTLFQPTRAPAIQAPWHTGLLPCQKEIVTPGLIWTFTDGSPMISGPCPKEGQPSLVVQSSTFIFQQFQTKASHPAFLLSHKLIQYSSFHSLHLLFEEYSTVPFSLLFNEKGANVSDDEPRGGPQPPTGGQIAESSV

tax

Protein Tax-2

331 amino acids

Transcriptional activator that activates both the viral long terminal repeat (LTR) and cellular promoters via activation of CREB, NF-kappa-B, SRF and AP-1 pathways. Binds to three 21 bp repeat elements located within the LTRs, referred to as Tax-responsive elements (TRE). Binding to TRE requires the interaction with CREB1 and CREBBP. Induces T-cell transformation, although much less efficiently than HTLV-1. Required for viral replication (By similarity).

Belongs to the deltaretrovirus Tax protein family.

37.318 kDa

MAHFPGFGQSLLYGYPVYVFGDCVQADWCPVSGGLCSTRLHRHALLATCPEHQLTWDPIDGRVVSSPLQYLIPRLPSFPTQRTSRTLKVLTPPTTPVSPKVPPAFFQSMRKHTPYRNGCLEPTLGDQLPSLAFPEPGLRPQNIYTTWGKTVVCLYLYQLSPPMTWPLIPHVIFCHPRQLGAFLTKVPLKRLEELLYKMFLHTGTVIVLPEDDLPTTMFQPVRAPCIQTAWCTGLLPYHSILTTPGLIWTFNDGSPMISGPYPKAGQPSLVVQSSLLIFEKFETKAFHPSYLLSHQLIQYSSFHNLHLLFDEYTNIPVSILFNKEEADDNGD