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THIO

Gene
thiO
Protein
Glycine oxidase
Organism
Geobacillus kaustophilus (strain HTA426)
Length
377 amino acids
Function
Catalyzes the FAD-dependent oxidative deamination of various amines and D-amino acids to yield the corresponding alpha-keto acids, ammonia/amine, and hydrogen peroxide. Oxidizes glycine, sarcosine (N-methylglycine), N-ethylglycine, D-proline, D-alanine, glycine-ethyl ester, and some other D-amino acids. Does not act on L-proline (PubMed:17894345). Is essential for thiamine biosynthesis since the oxidation of glycine catalyzed by ThiO generates the glycine imine intermediate (dehydroglycine) required for the biosynthesis of the thiazole ring of thiamine pyrophosphate (By similarity).
Similarity
Belongs to the DAO family. ThiO subfamily.
Mass
39.913 kDa
Sequence
MTHRYDVAIVGGGVIGAAIGFELAKRRHRVAIFEKGTMGSGASSAAAGMLGAQSEFSTSSPLVPLALQSRALMPALAEELRERTGIDIGLVEKGLIKLATTEEEADDLYRHYTFWRGIGEPVQWLTKGEALEMEPRLAAEALAGAMYIPGDGQVSAPDLAAALAYAAASAGACLYEYTEVFDIRSDSSGHVLDTTGGTFAAEAVVIASGAWAARLGARVGLSLSVYPVKGECVMVRAPVPLLQTTVFAKNGCYIVPKSGNRLLIGATSTPGTFDRRVSAGGVMNLLHRAAHLVPDIEQAEWVASWSGIRPQTEDGLPYLGEHPERRGLFVAAGHYRNGILLSPLTGLLVADLVERKETAFDLAPFSLTRHIGKVGVE

Gene
thiO
Protein
Glycine oxidase
Organism
Bacillus licheniformis
Length
369 amino acids
Function
Catalyzes the FAD-dependent oxidative deamination of glycine, leading to glyoxylate, ammonia and hydrogen peroxide (PubMed:26920475). Is also able to act on various amines and D-amino acids to yield the corresponding alpha-keto acids, ammonia/amine, and hydrogen peroxide (By similarity). Can also oxidize the herbicide glyphosate (N-phosphonomethylglycine), and thus may be involved in the degradation pathway that allows B.licheniformis J33-8 to grow with glyphosate as the sole source of carbon (PubMed:26920475). Is essential for thiamine biosynthesis since the oxidation of glycine catalyzed by ThiO generates the glycine imine intermediate (dehydroglycine) required for the biosynthesis of the thiazole ring of thiamine pyrophosphate (By similarity).
Similarity
Belongs to the DAO family. ThiO subfamily.
Mass
40.168 kDa
Sequence
MRKRYDTIVIGGGIIGTSIAYHLAKAGKKTAVFESGEVGKKATSAAAGMLGAHAECDKPGTFFEFARASQKAYKRLTGELKDISGIDIRRHDGGILKLAFSESDREHLMQMGALDSVEWLEADEVYKLEPNAGKGILGANFIRDDVHVEPAAVCRAFARGARMLGADVFEYTPVLSIESEAGAVRVTSASGTAEAEHAVIASGVWSGALFKQIGLDKRFYPVKGECLSVWNDGISLTRTLYHDHCYIVPRHSGRLVVGATMKPGDWNEQPELGGIEELIRKAKSMLPGIESMKIDQCWAGLRPETGDGNPYIGRHPENDRILFAAGHFRNGILLAPATGEMMADMILGNPVKTEWIEAFKAERKEAVHR

Gene
thiO
Protein
Glycine oxidase
Organism
Bacillus subtilis (strain 168)
Length
369 amino acids
Function
Catalyzes the FAD-dependent oxidative deamination of various amines and D-amino acids to yield the corresponding alpha-keto acids, ammonia/amine, and hydrogen peroxide. Oxidizes sarcosine (N-methylglycine), N-ethylglycine and glycine (PubMed:9827558, PubMed:11744710, PubMed:19864430). Can also oxidize the herbicide glyphosate (N-phosphonomethylglycine) (PubMed:19864430). Displays lower activities on D-alanine, D-valine, D-proline and D-methionine (PubMed:9827558, PubMed:11744710). Does not act on L-amino acids and other D-amino acids (PubMed:9827558). Is essential for thiamine biosynthesis since the oxidation of glycine catalyzed by ThiO generates the glycine imine intermediate (dehydroglycine) required for the biosynthesis of the thiazole ring of thiamine pyrophosphate (PubMed:12627963).
Similarity
Belongs to the DAO family. ThiO subfamily.
Mass
40.937 kDa
Sequence
MKRHYEAVVIGGGIIGSAIAYYLAKENKNTALFESGTMGGRTTSAAAGMLGAHAECEERDAFFDFAMHSQRLYKGLGEELYALSGVDIRQHNGGMFKLAFSEEDVLQLRQMDDLDSVSWYSKEEVLEKEPYASGDIFGASFIQDDVHVEPYFVCKAYVKAAKMLGAEIFEHTPVLHVERDGEALFIKTPSGDVWANHVVVASGVWSGMFFKQLGLNNAFLPVKGECLSVWNDDIPLTKTLYHDHCYIVPRKSGRLVVGATMKPGDWSETPDLGGLESVMKKAKTMLPAIQNMKVDRFWAGLRPGTKDGKPYIGRHPEDSRILFAAGHFRNGILLAPATGALISDLIMNKEVNQDWLHAFRIDRKEAVQI

Gene
thiO
Protein
Glycine oxidase
Organism
Pseudomonas putida (strain ATCC 47054 / DSM 6125 / NCIMB 11950 / KT2440)
Length
365 amino acids
Function
Catalyzes the oxidation of glycine, leading to glyoxyl imine and hydrogen peroxide as primary products; glyoxyl imine is used for the biosynthesis of the thiazole ring of thiamine. Otherwise, glyoxyl imine is spontaneously hydrolyzed in water to produce glyoxylate and ammonia. Can also use sarcosine (N-methylglycine) as substrate, and, to a lesser extent, N-ethylglycine and D-proline. Has no activity towards other amino-acids D-Asp, D-Glu, D-Gln, D-His, D-Leu, D-Lys, D-ornithine, D-Trp, D-Val, L-Ala, L-Asp, L-Glu, L-His, L-Leu, L-Lys, L-Met and L-Pro.
Similarity
Belongs to the DAO family. ThiO subfamily.
Mass
38.679 kDa
Sequence
MSKQVVVVGGGVIGLLTAFNLAAKVGQVVVCDQGEVGRESSWAGGGIVSPLYPWRYSPAVTALAHWSQDFYPQLGERLFASTGVDPEVHTTGLYWLDLDDEAEALAWAAREQRPLSAVDISAAYDAVPVLGPGFKHAIYMAGVANVRNPRLVKSLKAALLALPNVSLREHCQITGFVQEKGRVTGVQTADGVLAADEVVLSAGAWSGDLLRTLGLELPVEPVKGQMILFKCAEDFLPSMVLAKGRYAIPRRDGHILVGSTLEHAGYDKTPTADALESLKASAVELLPELEGATVVAHWAGLRPGSPEGIPYIGPVPGHEGLWLNCGHYRNGLVLAPASCQLFTDLLTGAEPIIDPAPYAPEGRLG

Gene
thiO
Protein
Glycine oxidase
Organism
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (strain ATCC 15692 / DSM 22644 / CIP 104116 / JCM 14847 / LMG 12228 / 1C / PRS 101 / PAO1)
Length
364 amino acids
Function
Catalyzes the oxidation of glycine, leading to glyoxyl imine and hydrogen peroxide as primary products; glyoxyl imine is used for the biosynthesis of the thiazole ring of thiamine. Otherwise, glyoxyl imine is spontaneously hydrolyzed in water to produce glyoxylate and ammonia. Can also use sarcosine (N-methylglycine) as substrate.
Similarity
Belongs to the DAO family. ThiO subfamily.
Mass
39.445 kDa
Sequence
MSERVVVVGAGVIGLLTARELALAGLRVTLVERGESGREASWAGGGIVSPLYPWRYSPAVTALAHWSQDFYPALGQRLLDETGLDPEVHTVGLYWLDLDDQTEALQWARKHTRPLKEVPIEEAYAAVPGLGAGFQRAVYMSGVANVRNPRLARSLRASLQQFANLELHEQTEVRGWLRDGDRVVGVATSRGEIRGDKVLLAAGAWSGELLKPLGLELPVVPVKGQMILYKCAADFLPRMVLAKGRYAIPRRDGHILIGSTLEHSGFDKTPTDEAQESLRASAAELLPELADMQPVAHWAGLRPGSPEGIPYIGPVPGFDGLWLNTGHYRNGLVLAPASCRLLADLMSGREPIIDPAPYAPAGRL

Gene
thiO
Protein
Putative thiamine biosynthesis oxidoreductase ThiO
Organism
Rhizobium etli (strain CFN 42 / ATCC 51251)
Length
327 amino acids
Function
May have amino acid oxidase activity in the biosynthesis of thiazole when cysteine gives its thiol group to be inserted into the thiazole molecule and the rest of the molecule is deaminated to give pyruvic acid and ammonia.
Mass
35.559 kDa
Sequence
MRILVNGAGVAGLTVAWQLYRHGFRVTLAERAGTVGAGASGFAGGMLAPWCERESAEEPVLTLGRLAADWWEAALPGHVHRRGTLVVAGGRDTGELDRFSRRTSGWEWLDEVAIAALEPDLAGRFRRALFFRQEAHLDPRQALAALAAGLEDARMRLTLGVVGESDVDHDRVVDCTGAAQIGRLPGLRGVRGEMLCVETTEVSLSRPVRLLHPRHPIYIVPRDKNRFMVGATMIESDDGGPITARSLMELLNAAYAMHPAFGEARVTETGAGVRPAYPDNLPRVTQEGRTLHVNGLYRHGFLLAPAMAGEVARRLLTEQGQPERRAS

Gene
THIO
Protein
Thioredoxin
Organism
Geodia cydonium
Length
106 amino acids
Function
Participates in various redox reactions through the reversible oxidation of its active center dithiol to a disulfide and catalyzes dithiol-disulfide exchange reactions.
Similarity
Belongs to the thioredoxin family.
Mass
11.992 kDa
Sequence
MVNFLKTKADFDQALKDAGDKLVVIDFTASWCGPCQRIAPKYVEMAKEFPDVIFYKVDVDENDETAEAEKIQAMPTFKFYKSGKALSDYVQGANEAGLREKIKKNK