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hns

Gene
hns
Protein
DNA-binding protein H-NS
Organism
Escherichia coli O157:H7
Length
137 amino acids
Function
A DNA-binding protein implicated in transcriptional repression and chromosome organization and compaction. Binds nucleation sites in AT-rich DNA and bridges them, forming higher-order nucleoprotein complexes and condensing the chromosome. As many horizontally transferred genes are AT-rich, it plays a central role in silencing foreign genes. A subset of genes are repressed by H-NS in association with other proteins (By similarity).
Similarity
Belongs to the histone-like protein H-NS family.
Mass
15.54 kDa
Sequence
MSEALKILNNIRTLRAQARECTLETLEEMLEKLEVVVNERREEESAAAAEVEERTRKLQQYREMLIADGIDPNELLNSLAAVKSGTKAKRAQRPAKYSYVDENGETKTWTGQGRTPAVIKKAMDEQGKSLDDFLIKQ

Gene
hns
Protein
DNA-binding protein H-NS
Organism
Escherichia coli O6:H1 (strain CFT073 / ATCC 700928 / UPEC)
Length
137 amino acids
Function
A DNA-binding protein implicated in transcriptional repression and chromosome organization and compaction. Binds nucleation sites in AT-rich DNA and bridges them, forming higher-order nucleoprotein complexes and condensing the chromosome. As many horizontally transferred genes are AT-rich, it plays a central role in silencing foreign genes. A subset of genes are repressed by H-NS in association with other proteins (By similarity).
Similarity
Belongs to the histone-like protein H-NS family.
Mass
15.54 kDa
Sequence
MSEALKILNNIRTLRAQARECTLETLEEMLEKLEVVVNERREEESAAAAEVEERTRKLQQYREMLIADGIDPNELLNSLAAVKSGTKAKRAQRPAKYSYVDENGETKTWTGQGRTPAVIKKAMDEQGKSLDDFLIKQ

Gene
hns
Protein
DNA-binding protein H-NS
Organism
Escherichia coli (strain K12)
Length
137 amino acids
Function
A DNA-binding protein implicated in transcriptional repression (silencing) (PubMed:333393, PubMed:2128918, PubMed:8890170, PubMed:8913298, PubMed:9398522, PubMed:16963779, PubMed:17046956, PubMed:23543115). Also involved in bacterial chromosome organization and compaction (PubMed:6379600, PubMed:10982869, PubMed:21903814). H-NS binds tightly to AT-rich dsDNA and inhibits transcription (PubMed:2512122, PubMed:16963779, PubMed:17435766, PubMed:17881364, PubMed:23543115). Binds upstream and downstream of initiating RNA polymerase, trapping it in a loop and preventing transcription (PubMed:11714691). Binds to hundreds of sites, approximately half its binding sites are in non-coding DNA, which only accounts for about 10% of the genome (PubMed:16963779, PubMed:17046956, PubMed:23543115). Many of these loci were horizontally transferred (HTG); this offers the selective advantage of silencing foreign DNA while keeping it in the genome in case of need (PubMed:17046956, PubMed:17881364, PubMed:26789284). Suppresses transcription at many intragenic sites as well as transcription of spurious, non-coding RNAs genome-wide (PubMed:24449106). Repression of HTG by H-NS is thought to allow their DNA to evolve faster than non-H-NS-bound regions, and facilitates integration of HTG into transcriptional regulatory networks (PubMed:26789284). A subset of H-NS/StpA-regulated genes also require Hha (and/or Cnu, ydgT) for repression; Hha and Cnu increase the number of genes DNA bound by H-NS/StpA and may also modulate the oligomerization of the H-NS/StpA-complex (PubMed:23543115). The protein forms 2 clusters in the nucleoid which gather hns-bound loci together, bridging non-contiguous DNA, and causes DNA substantial condensation (PubMed:21903814). Binds DNA better at low temperatures than at 37 degrees Celsius; AT-rich sites nucleate H-NS binding, further DNA-binding is cooperative and this cooperativity decreases with rising temperature (PubMed:17435766, PubMed:17881364). Transcriptional repression can be inhibited by dominant-negative mutants of StpA or itself (PubMed:8755860). May effect transcriptional elongation (PubMed:25638302). Can increase translational efficiency of mRNA with suboptimal Shine-Dalgarno sequences (PubMed:20595230). Plays a role in the thermal control of pili and adhesive curli fimbriae production, by inducing transcription of csgD (PubMed:17010156). Plays a role in flagellar function (PubMed:11031114). Represses the CRISPR-cas promoters, permits only weak transcription of the crRNA precursor; its repression is antagonized by LeuO (PubMed:20132443, PubMed:20659289). Binds preferentially to the upstream region of its own gene recognizing two segments of DNA on both sides of a bend centered around -150 (PubMed:7934818). Overexpression suppresses secY24, a temperature-sensitive mutation (PubMed:1537791). Has also been reported to activate transcription of some genes (PubMed:4566454, PubMed:338303, PubMed:2128918).
Similarity
Belongs to the histone-like protein H-NS family.
Mass
15.54 kDa
Sequence
MSEALKILNNIRTLRAQARECTLETLEEMLEKLEVVVNERREEESAAAAEVEERTRKLQQYREMLIADGIDPNELLNSLAAVKSGTKAKRAQRPAKYSYVDENGETKTWTGQGRTPAVIKKAMDEQGKSLDDFLIKQ

Gene
hns
Protein
DNA-binding protein H-NS homolog
Organism
Buchnera aphidicola subsp. Acyrthosiphon pisum (strain APS)
Length
135 amino acids
Function
A DNA-binding protein implicated in transcriptional repression and chromosome organization and compaction. Binds nucleation sites in AT-rich DNA and bridges them, forming higher-order nucleoprotein complexes and condensing the chromosome. A subset of genes are repressed by H-NS in association with other proteins (By similarity).
Similarity
Belongs to the histone-like protein H-NS family.
Mass
16.005 kDa
Sequence
MNEILKILNNIRTLRVHSRECSLEILEEILEKFKVVINERKKEEKKIKEEIAQRAIKLKKYREMLIADGINPNELLTKTNSIKSSEKRKRPKRPAKYKYINKNGDFKTWTGQGRTPSVIKNAILERKKILEDFLL

Gene
hns
Protein
DNA-binding protein H-NS, plasmid
Organism
Salmonella typhi
Length
134 amino acids
Function
A DNA-binding protein implicated in transcriptional repression and chromosome organization and compaction. Binds DNA, modifying gene expression, especially non-core genes. Does not regulate the same set of genes as its chromosomal counterpart (tested in S.typhimurium strain SL1344 / SV5015, chromosomal H-NS protein is AC A0A0H3NBY9). Thus it has a not-completely overlapping set of gene targets compared to its chromosomal homolog; many of these target genes are either plasmid-encoded or acquired by horizontally transferred genes (HTG). This protein can function in the absence of H-NS-modulating protein Hha (either chromosomal or plasmid-encoded), although many HTG genes are regulated by an H-NS/Hha complex (PubMed:19521501). Binds nucleation sites in AT-rich DNA and bridges them, forming higher-order nucleoprotein complexes and condensing the chromosome (By similarity). A subset of genes are repressed by H-NS in association with Hha and/or Cnu (ydgT) (By similarity).
Similarity
Belongs to the histone-like protein H-NS family.
Mass
15.208 kDa
Sequence
MSEALKSLNNIRTLRAQGRELPLEILEELLEKLSVVVEERRQEESSKEAELKARLEKIESLRQLMLEDGIDPEELLSSFSAKSGAPKKVREPRPAKYKYTDVNGETKTWTGQGRTPKALAEQLEAGKKLDDFLI