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GSK3A

Gene
Gsk3a
Protein
Glycogen synthase kinase-3 alpha
Organism
Mus musculus
Length
490 amino acids
Function
Constitutively active protein kinase that acts as a negative regulator in the hormonal control of glucose homeostasis, Wnt signaling and regulation of transcription factors and microtubules, by phosphorylating and inactivating glycogen synthase (GYS1 or GYS2), CTNNB1/beta-catenin, APC and AXIN1 (PubMed:15791206, PubMed:17908561). Requires primed phosphorylation of the majority of its substrates (PubMed:22539723). Contributes to insulin regulation of glycogen synthesis by phosphorylating and inhibiting GYS1 activity and hence glycogen synthesis (PubMed:15791206, PubMed:17908561). Regulates glycogen metabolism in liver, but not in muscle (PubMed:17908561). May also mediate the development of insulin resistance by regulating activation of transcription factors (By similarity). In Wnt signaling, regulates the level and transcriptional activity of nuclear CTNNB1/beta-catenin (PubMed:15791206). Facilitates amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing and the generation of APP-derived amyloid plaques found in Alzheimer disease (By similarity). May be involved in the regulation of replication in pancreatic beta-cells (By similarity). Is necessary for the establishment of neuronal polarity and axon outgrowth (PubMed:17391670). Through phosphorylation of the anti-apoptotic protein MCL1, may control cell apoptosis in response to growth factors deprivation (PubMed:16543145). Acts as a regulator of autophagy by mediating phosphorylation of KAT5/TIP60 under starvation conditions, leading to activate KAT5/TIP60 acetyltransferase activity and promote acetylation of key autophagy regulators, such as ULK1 and RUBCNL/Pacer (PubMed:22539723).
Similarity
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CMGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family. GSK-3 subfamily.
Mass
51.661 kDa
Sequence
MSGGGPSGGGPGGSGRARTSSFAEPGGGGGGGGGGPGGSASGPGGTGGGKASVGAMGGGVGASSSGGGPSGSGGGGSGGPGAGTSFPPPGVKLGRDSGKVTTVVATVGQGPERSQEVAYTDIKVIGNGSFGVVYQARLAETRELVAIKKVLQDKRFKNRELQIMRKLDHCNIVRLRYFFYSSGEKKDELYLNLVLEYVPETVYRVARHFTKAKLITPIIYIKVYMYQLFRSLAYIHSQGVCHRDIKPQNLLVDPDTAVLKLCDFGSAKQLVRGEPNVSYICSRYYRAPELIFGATDYTSSIDVWSAGCVLAELLLGQPIFPGDSGVDQLVEIIKVLGTPTREQIREMNPNYTEFKFPQIKAHPWTKVFKSSKTPPEAIALCSSLLEYTPSSRLSPLEACAHSFFDELRRLGAQLPNDRPLPPLFNFSPGELSIQPSLNAILIPPHLRSPAGPASPLTTSYNPSSQALTEAQTGQDWQPSDATTATLASSS

Gene
GSK3A
Protein
Glycogen synthase kinase-3 alpha
Organism
Homo sapiens
Length
483 amino acids
Function
Constitutively active protein kinase that acts as a negative regulator in the hormonal control of glucose homeostasis, Wnt signaling and regulation of transcription factors and microtubules, by phosphorylating and inactivating glycogen synthase (GYS1 or GYS2), CTNNB1/beta-catenin, APC and AXIN1 (PubMed:11749387, PubMed:17478001, PubMed:19366350). Requires primed phosphorylation of the majority of its substrates (PubMed:11749387, PubMed:17478001, PubMed:19366350). Contributes to insulin regulation of glycogen synthesis by phosphorylating and inhibiting GYS1 activity and hence glycogen synthesis (PubMed:11749387, PubMed:17478001, PubMed:19366350). Regulates glycogen metabolism in liver, but not in muscle (By similarity). May also mediate the development of insulin resistance by regulating activation of transcription factors (PubMed:10868943, PubMed:17478001). In Wnt signaling, regulates the level and transcriptional activity of nuclear CTNNB1/beta-catenin (PubMed:17229088). Facilitates amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing and the generation of APP-derived amyloid plaques found in Alzheimer disease (PubMed:12761548). May be involved in the regulation of replication in pancreatic beta-cells (By similarity). Is necessary for the establishment of neuronal polarity and axon outgrowth (By similarity). Through phosphorylation of the anti-apoptotic protein MCL1, may control cell apoptosis in response to growth factors deprivation (By similarity). Acts as a regulator of autophagy by mediating phosphorylation of KAT5/TIP60 under starvation conditions, leading to activate KAT5/TIP60 acetyltransferase activity and promote acetylation of key autophagy regulators, such as ULK1 and RUBCNL/Pacer (PubMed:30704899).
Similarity
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CMGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family. GSK-3 subfamily.
Mass
50.981 kDa
Sequence
MSGGGPSGGGPGGSGRARTSSFAEPGGGGGGGGGGPGGSASGPGGTGGGKASVGAMGGGVGASSSGGGPGGSGGGGSGGPGAGTSFPPPGVKLGRDSGKVTTVVATLGQGPERSQEVAYTDIKVIGNGSFGVVYQARLAETRELVAIKKVLQDKRFKNRELQIMRKLDHCNIVRLRYFFYSSGEKKDELYLNLVLEYVPETVYRVARHFTKAKLTIPILYVKVYMYQLFRSLAYIHSQGVCHRDIKPQNLLVDPDTAVLKLCDFGSAKQLVRGEPNVSYICSRYYRAPELIFGATDYTSSIDVWSAGCVLAELLLGQPIFPGDSGVDQLVEIIKVLGTPTREQIREMNPNYTEFKFPQIKAHPWTKVFKSRTPPEAIALCSSLLEYTPSSRLSPLEACAHSFFDELRCLGTQLPNNRPLPPLFNFSAGELSIQPSLNAILIPPHLRSPAGTTTLTPSSQALTETPTSSDWQSTDATPTLTNSS

Gene
Gsk3a
Protein
Glycogen synthase kinase-3 alpha
Organism
Rattus norvegicus
Length
483 amino acids
Function
Constitutively active protein kinase that acts as a negative regulator in the hormonal control of glucose homeostasis, Wnt signaling and regulation of transcription factors and microtubules, by phosphorylating and inactivating glycogen synthase (GYS1 or GYS2), CTNNB1/beta-catenin, APC and AXIN1. Requires primed phosphorylation of the majority of its substrates. Contributes to insulin regulation of glycogen synthesis by phosphorylating and inhibiting GYS1 activity and hence glycogen synthesis (By similarity). Regulates glycogen metabolism in liver, but not in muscle (By similarity). May also mediate the development of insulin resistance by regulating activation of transcription factors. In Wnt signaling, regulates the level and transcriptional activity of nuclear CTNNB1/beta-catenin. Facilitates amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing and the generation of APP-derived amyloid plaques found in Alzheimer disease (By similarity). May be involved in the regulation of replication in pancreatic beta-cells (PubMed:17242403). Is necessary for the establishment of neuronal polarity and axon outgrowth. Through phosphorylation of the anti-apoptotic protein MCL1, may control cell apoptosis in response to growth factors deprivation (By similarity). Acts as a regulator of autophagy by mediating phosphorylation of KAT5/TIP60 under starvation conditions, leading to activate KAT5/TIP60 acetyltransferase activity and promote acetylation of key autophagy regulators, such as ULK1 and RUBCNL/Pacer (By similarity).
Similarity
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CMGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family. GSK-3 subfamily.
Mass
51.027 kDa
Sequence
MSGGGPSGGGPGGSGRARTSSFAEPGGGGGGGGGGPGGSASGPGGTGGGKASVGAMGGGVGASSSGGGPSGSGGGGSGGPGAGTSFPPPGVKLGRDSGKVTTVVATLGQGPERSQEVAYTDIKVIGNGSFGVVYQARLAETRELVAIKKVLQDKRFKNRELQIMRKLDHCNIVRLRYFFYSSGEKKDELYLNLVLEYVPETVYRVARHFTKAKLIIPIIYVKVYMYQLFRSLAYIHSQGVCHRDIKPQNLLVDPDTAVLKLCDFGSAKQLVRGEPNVSYICSRYYRAPELIFGATDYTSSIDVWSAGCVLAELLLGQPIFPGDSGVDQLVEIIKVLGTPTREQIREMNPNYTEFKFPQIKAHPWTKVFKSRTPPEAIALCSSLLEYTPSSRLSPLEACAHSFFDELRSLGTQLPNNRPLPPLFNFSPGELSIQPSLNAILIPPHLRSPSGPATLTSSSQALTETQTGQDWQAPDATPTLTNSS